Komatsu Writes his Medical Book

Komatsu sat down pulling out the notebook with the detailed sketches of different muscles carefully kept tucked just inside the cover, pulling a pencil from the drawer he took a moment to sketch a less detailed body then superimposed a sketch of what the chakra pathways looked like. Smiling to himself he flipped past the table of contents and opened to chapter one 'The Connection between Nerves and Muscles'. Komatsu started to write the first chapter of his book.
In order to shorten or contract, the muscle fibers must recieve stimulation from nerve impulses sent through motor neurons or nerves. These impulses originate in the brain, traveling down the spinal cord. From there, they spread to all parts of the body. A single motor neuron can stimulate a few muscle fibers or hundreds of them. The muscle fiber and motor neuron that triggers them is called a motor unit. When a motor neuron interacts with muscle fiber they never actually have contact, instead the neuron travels into a small hollow on the surface of the muscle fiber. The region where the motor neuron and the membrane of the muscle fiber come close together is called the neuromuscular junction. When a motor neuron reaches the end of the neuromuscular junction acetylcholine is released. Acetylcholine then jumps the small gap between the motor neuron and the muscle fiber and attaches to receptors on the membrane of the muscle fiber. This triggers an electrical charge that quickly travels from one end of the muscle fiber to the other, causing it to contract.
Komatsu looked down at the page double checking his information and spelling before flipping on to the next section 'The Sliding Filament Theory'.
Thick myofilaments have branches or arms that extend out from the main body. At the end of the branches are thickened heads. The appearance of of a thick myofilament can be likened to a long narrow boat with many oars sticking out the sides on either side. Normally, when a muscle is relaxed, the thin and thick myofilaments don't interact. When a muscle is stimulated to contract the myofilaments do interact.
The electical charge triggered by acetylcholine stimulates the release of calcium ions stored within the muscle fiber. The ions attach to the thin myofilaments and remove their protective coverings. The arms of the thick myofilaments then reach out, and the heads on the arms attach to open sites on the thin myofilaments. The arms pivot (called a power stroke), pulling the thin myofilaments toward the center of the sacromere. This shortens the sacromere. As this occurs simultaneously throughout all sacromeres in a muscle fiber, causing the muscle to shorten or contract. A single nerve impulse produces only one contraction lasting between 0.01 and 0.04 seconds. For a muscle to stay contracted the brain must send additional nerve impulses. When nerve impulses cease, so do the electrical charges, the release of calcium ions and the connection between thick and thin myofilaments.
Being within a zero gravity space for an extended period of time over four days can cause significant muscle and bone changes. The reason for this is that more than half the muscles in the human body are designed primarily to fight the effects of gravity. In a weightless enviroment these muscles are not used, as a result they begin to atrophy and decay. Without the stress of pumping blood throughout the body against the force of gravity, even the heart muscles begin to weaken. To counteract this a time of three to four hours a day must be spent exercising to keep the muscles from decaying.
When a muscle fiber contracts it does so entirely and always produces the same amount of tension. This is known as the all or nothing principle of muscle contraction. While the principle applies to muscle fibers it does not apply to entire muscles. A muscle would be useless if it was all or nothing, the amount of tension in a muscle can vary depending on how many muscle fibers in that muscle are stimulated.
Komatsu started writing notes on how 'Muscle Energy Works' down the side of the page, keeping it as a minor chapter and not a full explanation.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the only energy source that muscles can use to power their activity. Thick myofilaments need ATP in order to detach their heads from thin myofilaments. They then use the energy from the ATP to complete their next power stroke. Yet, muscle fibers store only a limited supply of ATP—about 4 to 6 seconds' worth. For muscles to continue working, ATP must be supplied continuously. The most abundant energy source for ATP is glycogen—a starch form of the simple sugar glucose made up of thousands of glucose units. In the human body, the liver stores glucose by converting it to glycogen. When the body needs energy, the liver is stimulated to change glycogen back into glucose and secrete it into the bloodstream for use by the cells.
Komatsu stretched for a minute before picking back up his pencil and flipping to the next section 'Exercise and Muscle Fatigue'
Despite muscle fiber storing some oxygen, it is quickly used up especially with strenuous exercise. In order to continue converting glucose into ATP the muscles must receive more oxygen via the blood stream. That is why respiration increases during exercise. In times during play or exercise were not enough oxygen gets to the muscle fiber, they start to convert glucose into lactic acid, a waste product. Normally lactic acid is transported through the blood stream to the liver where it can be converted back into glucose; that is why even after heavy activity respiration remains high until the liver creates enough ATP to finish turning the lactic acid back into glucose. The creation of ATP causes heat in the muscles, the body uses this heat to maintain regular body temperature, therefore when the body drops below regular temperature the brain tells the muscles to contract rapidly causing what we call shivering. Komatsu made a short mark in his notes dictating a sub section for 'Muscle Tone and Muscle Arrangement'.
Even when the body is at rest, certain muscle fibers in all muscles are contracting. This activity is directed by the brain and cannot be controlled consciously. This state of continuous partial muscle contractions is known as muscle tone. These contractions are not strong enough to produce movement, but do tense and firm the muscles. In doing so, they keep the muscles firm, healthy, and ready for action. Muscles with moderate muscle tone are firm and solid, whereas ones with little muscle tone are limp and soft.
Muscles can only pull they can not push, that is why muscles are arranged in pairs all over the skeleton. A muscle whose contraction is responsible for producing a particular movement is called the prime mover (agonist), the muscle that opposes or reverses the movement is called the antagonist. Usually, antagonist muscles are positioned opposite agonists on the limb or portion of the body. Muscles that help the prime mover or eliminate unnecessary movement are called synergists. Synergists along with prime movers and antagonists are responsible for the accuracy and fluid look of movements, even disabling one would cause someone to lose the finer control of their muscles.
Komatsu smiled down almost lovingly at the pages of his notebook before closing it and returning it to the heavy fire proof box it came from, locking the case he slid it back into the hidden bottom of his trunk and shut it for the night, he was going to sleep so he could wake up early tomorrow and finish up the chakra section of his notebook.
Komatsu rolled out of bed early it was a weekend so he immediately ate his quick breakfast of eggs sunny side up and toast, before digging out the fire proof case with his notebook. Unlocking the case he rechecked the information he had so far before opening to a new page and labeling it 'Chakra and what we know'.
Chakra flows through the body's chakra circulatory system. On a more microscopic level is these channels connecting all the vital points on the body. These small channel pathways travel between the cells of the body. They carry the generated chakra and allow the ninja to mold it. If the channels are severed it is beyond even the greatest medical ninja to repair them at this point. Chakra flows through the 361 tenketsu, which are tiny points that regulate the flow of chakra, it is possible to manipulate the points creating a faster or slower current for a persons chakra. The Hyuuga clan can see the chakra circulatory system through the use of byakugon, they use the juuken to send their own chakra through their hands to close tenketsu temporarily. With enough tenketsu closed it can cause a ninja to no longer be able to manipulate their chakra for jutsu. When a tenketsu is attacked it builds up pressure causing damage to a persons internal organs, since you can't train your internal organs this is a devastating tactic. Komatsu noted a smaller subsection for 'Chakra Color'.
Normal chakra takes on a yellow color, it is the basic color of most chakra when being used. A green hue to chakra signifies a users ability to use their chakra for medical ninjutsu, and healing. Chakra extracted and used through the use of a cursed seal is normally dark purple in color. Komatsu quickly wrote down the next topic he would be noting in his notebook 'The Eight Gates'. The only information he had on the topic was rather old, coming from a medical book his father had lent him right before his departure from the village.
The first gate is called Kaimon, it is located in the head. It releases the brain to allow full usage of the muscles rather than the 10-20% the body normally limits itself to. The second gate named Kyuumon, is located also in the head. It raises the users stamina and assists in recovery. The third gate, Seimon is located along the spine. It causes the body to take on a red hue. The fourth gate, Shoumon is located along the spine with the third gate. It further raises speed and strength, however it causes the users body to start tearing muscles. The fifth gate Tomon is found along the spine. It increases the users speed and strength. Keimon the sixth gate is located along the spine. It increases strength and speed even further into dangerous places. Kyoumon increases speed and strength causing blue sweat to pour from the users body, only to evaporate due to their temperature causing a green aura around the user. The seventh gate is located along the spine. Shimon the final gate grants the user kage-level speed and strength at the cost of their own life force, this gate is located at the heart.
Komatsu opened his notebook to the last page and started writing down his own ideas for implanted devices that could raise a users abilities, or even grant someone the ability to use chakra reserves stored in advance. Accompanying each entry with a simple sketch of the item.
First for an item that would allow a user to exert themselves longer, a simple apparatus that would be worn as a vest that contained many plastic and flexible tubes that would puncture just above the heart running a tube with a filter on it in that would allow the user to function as if they had two sets of lungs, the item would draw in it's own breath bringing in more oxygen to the system creating highly oxidized blood, however the user would also have to be careful because if someone managed to damage the filtration system the apparatus would backdraw blood out of the body and cause a bleed out.
Secondly a set of heavily fortified boots that could have either blades attached to the bottom or a set of springs with a slat of highly flexible yew wood that ran up to the back of the boot then down in a gentle curve, giving the user a slight boost in height but also causing longer strides.
Third a set of tubes implanted along the inner arm, tapping into the chakra system so a user can create and draw out chakra to fill a backpack like item that holds energy cells that can become saturated with chakra allowing the user to store their excess chakra to be used within a period of thirty days to expend approximately one and a half times more chakra than they could normally summon on their own.
Fourth a skeletal item that encases the forearms and has what looks like a large wooden apparatus sunk in to be held outside of the arm, it can be triggered with a simple amount of chakra to power the inner machinery causing a four foot disk to spring outward and be used as a simple chakra infused shield.
Komatsu looked at the page, leaving a little bit of room encase he ever wanted to add more or his own theories into the back.

(2353,Medical Specialization)

Bump

Approved of Medical Specialty,
Also granting you +11 stats, +23 JP. In a way this was training along with CD in order to have your character regurgitate all of this information.

Very nicely done by the way.

Requesting to keep the copy he created, have it up in the creation center.

Makes sense, Approved.